The genus Elettaria consist of about 8 species, known from Sri Lanka to Malaysia and Indinesia. They are characterised by front like leafy shoots, long porstrate inflorescence born from the rhizome and flowers in cincini with tubular bracteoles.The cardamom of commerce is obtained from Eletttaria cardamomum Maton. And is the only species represented in India and is believed to be a native of moist evergreen forest in South India especially southern-Western ghats.
Etlingera is the inclusive name for Achasma Horan., Geanthus Val. NicolasiaHoran.. Large gregarious gingers with radical showy inflorescence characterised by involucre of sterile bracts, a short as much elongated peduncle, tubular and elongated bracteoles, and a distinct tube between the base of the corolla ubes and the base of filament and labellum. Distributed in Southeast Asia with about 40 species. In India it is represented by only 2 species.
Commonly called as 'dancing ladies', consist of about 100 species mainly distributed in tropical Asia with maximum diversity in Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar. In India it is represented by 13 species including recently transferred species of Mantisia Sims. and are widely distributed in Western India, South India and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. It is characterised by relatively small labellum, attached with the filament forming on andrecial tube above the attachment of corolla tubes, and long arching filament like a fish-hook and the anther at the distal end..
Commonly called as 'ginger lily' or 'butterfly lily'. This is the largest genus of the family in India, with about 43 taxa, including 17 endemics, mostly restricted to Northeastern India. It comprises of approximately 80 species, distributed mainly in India., Soth China and Southeast Asia. Medium sized gingers some are epiphytic. Inflorescence terminal on leafy stems, flowers showy and sweet scented. The flowers are irregular and the most attractive parts are petaloid lateral staminodes and labellum.
The genus Hemiorchis is represented by 3 species in the world. Two of which are reported from India. The plants are herbaceous and are closely related to Kaempferia L. Inflorescence radical on a seperate leafy shoots, upto 20 cm high.
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