The largest genus in the family with about 250 species distributed tropical and subtropical Asia. They are medium sized to large forest plants. Inflorescence terminal spike in most species In India the genus is represented by 15 species along with 3 exotic ornamentals.
The second largest genus in the family with about 150 species, distributed through out Southeast Asia to Northeastern Himalaya. Inflorescence radical, usually partially subterranean, or raised above the ground. In India the genus is represented by 22 species with 10 endemics.
Small forest plants with shoots consisting of 1- few leaves. Often with purple sheaths. Inflorescence radical or terminal, bracts distichous, each subtending one single flower. It comprises of about 80 species throughout tropical Asia. Distributed from India to Malaya. In India the genus is repreesented by 6 species with 2 endemics.
Herbs with thick root fibers, flowers yellow in terminal spikes. A genus with 5 species mainly distributed in India, Bhutan, Nepal and Myanmar. In India they are represented by 5 species and are mainly concentarted in high altitudes of Himalayas and Northeastern regions.
The genus is of great economic importance and at the same time is one of the rather difficult genera with in the family. With about 120 species distributed mostly in tropical and subtropical Asia with a few species extending to Australia and the Pacific region. In India the genus has maximum species diversity in Peninsular Indian region. They are perennial rhizomatous herbs; Inflorescence terminal or lateral spike formed of spirally arranged bracts. Upper bracts are brightly coloured and are called coma.
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